Abrahams Promise by Michael Wyschogrod Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Abrahams Promise by Michael Wyschogrod - Essay Example This book is also an attempt by the author to bring Jews and Christians together and this he has done by raising logical questions that reflect upon their profound sameness rather than their deep differences. Kendall has not argued about the similarities or differences that Christians eagerly claim their Jewish faith roots, but he has endeavored a reason to consider that what escorts Jews to understand Christian theological concepts and why there is a need for the Christians to learn about treating minorities with dignity. This book reveals how the gap that has built over centuries should be bridged in order to gain an in depth understanding of both communities. Declaring the reason behind Gods love, Kendall points out what God expect from humans is the divine acknowledgement of their relation of their bodies with their souls, and since God believes in a free love, he has never limited humans. As a matter of fact, God himself is never limited to any particular genealogy. He had always possessed the right not to select Abrahams descendants as chosen ones or to replace his chosen ones with any other people not chosen. Kendall portrays Abraham, Issac and Jacobs God and presents before the readers a notion that God selected Israel as he loved Abraham descendants and chose them from among all groups. According to Kendall â€Å"God wanted a people who could not leave him† (Kendall, 2004: 50). For this reason Kendall points out that God favored and loved Israel in the same manner as a man loves a woman or his wife. What Kendall wants the reader to contemplate upon is the question he addresses that what caused God to choose a biological family rather than a community of faith (ibid). Wyschogrods perspective of the Jewish community is an answer to the above question, that suggests that God chose community of family is that of Abrahams descendants that elucidates Gods school of thought to

A Comparison of Competencies between Associate and Bachelor Degreed Nursing Graduates Essay Example for Free

A Comparison of Competencies between Associate and Bachelor Degreed Nursing Graduates Essay Nursing is complex, and within the profession there are many spectrums of career possibilities. Nursing is based on a foundation of caring and what draws many to the profession is a commitment of service. The knowledge and education sought to prepare nurses however differs between the two â€Å"entry† level paths of associate degreed nurses and baccalaureate degree nurses and thus forms a difference in the way they perform their professional practice. Associate Degreed Nurses Associate degree nursing programs were developed in the early 1950’s as a response to postwar shortages (Creasia, Friberg. 2011) they were intended to be two years in duration and designed to prepare the graduate for bedside care in the secondary setting. These program quickly became successful and programs spread across the United States at a record pace. The associate degree program were found to be clinically sound and offered heavily hands on approach, they traditionally graduate nurses that are task oriented and perform well. Associate graduates are tested via the NCLEX after program completion to obtain licensure. The associate degreed path remains the major point of entry into the profession today. The educational prerequisite of the associate degree nursing program are not as robust in sciences often eliminating the need for organic chemistry and advanced mathematics. The associate degree nursing path also is remedial as compared to the BSN in the liberal arts, often leaving the graduate with subpar communication skills when compared to the BSN counterpart. Baccalaureate Degreed Nurses Baccalaureate degree programs are traditionally structured as four year programs with the nursing clinical focus at the latter two years. Programs differ from Associate programs in that there are courses required which  focus on the professional development of the student, and thus the growth of the profession. Baccalaureate programs prepare the graduate for scopes beyond bedside care. Leadership and research roles favor the bachelors prepared graduate. The advanced professional focus allows the graduate to view the practice beyond the task orientation of the associate degreed nurse. A comparison study (Ginger, N. Davidhizar, R., 1990) found that baccalaureate nurses were more concerned with research methodology, teaching of the individual and the group, and community assessments. The study concluded that the baccalaureate nurse was more process driven than the task oriented associate degreed nurses. Healthcare today is composed of a multiple disciplinary team of practitioners with varied levels of education, preparing nurses at the minimum of the baccalaureate level has been a push of many professional organizations. Recent research (Aiken, 2008) has confirmed a strong link in the educational level of nurses and improvement in patient mortality. The study found when the institution increased the percentage of baccalaureate prepared nurses by 10% that the corresponding mortality decreased by 4%. Practical Comparison One of the situational comparisons that I feel would demonstrate the practice focus differences of the two educational preparations is in dealing with imminent death and dying. Throughout the career of any healthcare provider we will be faced with this challenge, and while there are many task associated with the algorithm of advanced life support or complexity of the hospice patient, there are multiple psych social aspects to consider. The baccalaureate nurses educational preparation allows her to focus on the causes of the underlying pathophysiology, understand the chemistry of the multiple medications involved and problem solve for alternative treatments is initially unsuccessful. The baccalaureate nurse is able to communicate effectively with the healthcare team and reassuringly guide the family thru this difficult process. In my years of practice I feel that clinical experience and confidence can elevate the associate degreed nurse to a comparable level in this situation as well but I have seen that the baccalaureate graduate achieves this standard well before the counterpart. Patient presentation has become more complex and the array of treatments available seems almost endless. Our patients and their families deserve the  best outcomes from the best prepared team.

Housing Development Legal Issues

Housing Development Legal Issues Architectural BIM Technology Table of Contents (Jump to) Executive Summary 1.0 Introduction 2.0 St Johns College Respond housing Development 3.0 Evaluation of Legal issues 4.0 Conservation Protected structures 5.0 Duty of Care 6.0 Scope of Works 7.0 Boundary Disputes 8.0 Reflective Learning Bibliography Table of Cases Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] AC 562 Hymany [Pontoon] Ltd -v- Galkil Ltd t/a Impact Developments IEHC 188 Dempsey Anor -v- Waterford Corporation [2008] IEHC 55 (29 February 2008) Cite as: [2008] IEHC 55 List of Images Fig 1 http://www.mythenconstruction.ie/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/St-Johns-College-Waterford.jpg Fig 2 http://waterfordireland.tripod.com/stjohnscollege.jpg Fig 3 http://maps.osi.ie/publicviewer/#V1,661050,611123,7,10 Fig 4 http://maps.osi.ie/publicviewer/#V1,661050,611123,7,14 Fig 5 http://maps.osi.ie/publicviewer/#V1,661050,611123,7,11 Fig 6- http://waterfordcouncil.maps.arcgis.com/apps/Solutions/s2.html?appid=c6d45bb300e6463db7e9c6bd1df43441 Fig 7 http://waterfordcouncil.maps.arcgis.com/apps/Solutions/s2.html?appid=c6d45bb300e6463db7e9c6bd1df43441 Fig 8 http://waterfordcouncil.maps.arcgis.com/apps/Solutions/s2.html?appid=c6d45bb300e6463db7e9c6bd1df43441 Executive Summary This document will focus on identifying expanding and exploring legal issues which may be encountered regarding the housing development by Respond in partnership with Department of Environment, Local Government and Communities. The project is to consist of 21 apartments in the upper level of the existing St Johns College building and 36 new apartments in a newly build block which will be located on the college site at Richardson’s Folly, Waterford. Mythen construction will be the contractors on site for the project which started in December 2013. The legal issues which will be focus of the project are Conservation Protected structures, Duty of Care, Scope of works and Boundary disputes. Each area will be outlined within the document and furthermore expanded on in order to outline methods of resolving such issues. Legal literature regarding both construction and general law will be used as will appropriate case law in order to widen the scope and provide a more general view of the issues. 1.0 Introduction The main aim of this document is to identify, evaluate and expand on â€Å"the main legal issues likely to arise in relation to the respond housing association development at St Johns College, Richardson’s Folly, and Waterford.† The document will explore legal issues related to Architecture which may occur or be encountered by both an Architect and Architectural Technician on site during the duration of the project mentioned above. In evaluating these issues, past legal cases associated to the topics will be reviewed in order to provide a clearer view of the issues in question, to the relevant laws and how these issues can be resolved. Guidance will also be provided in terms of how these issues can be dealt with and also how they can be foreseen and eliminated at an early stage in the future as to avoid any disputes between all parties involved in the project whether these disputes happen on or off site. Prior to the breakdown of the issues which may arise a short overv iew of St Johns College, the history of the college and a breakdown of the project undertaken by Respond will be outlined in order to provide a wider scope of the project as a whole. 2.0 St Johns College Respond housing Development St Johns College is a Catholic seminary which as mentioned, is located at Richardson’s Folly in Waterford. The college which was founded in 1880 for the Waterford/Lismore diocese. The college was made up of two schools the first being a classical school run by Rev. Thomas Flynn and the second an Academy run by Dr. Geoffrey Keating. The College closed in closed in 1999 due to lack of activity and vocations with the remaining students transferred. In 2007 it was announced that Respond Housing association in partnership with Department of Environment, Local Government and Communities had acquired sections of the site which is a protected structure of approximately 3900sq.m with a proposal of redeveloping the building into social housing. Mythen construction began works on site in December 2013. The development as it stands is to consist of the retrofit/redevelopment of the existing college building which is to include 21 apartments on the upper floors with a new building located on site which will house 36 new apartments (2400 sq.m approx.) the redevelopment will also include communal facilities. Below are images of the proposed and existing buildings with 3 OSI maps showing the site location and the proposed new site. Proposed development Fig 1 Existing building – Fig2 OSI Site plan – Fig 3 Existing building- Fig 4 Proposed new site Fig 5 3.0 Evaluation of Legal issues The following are the legal issues which will be identified, evaluated and expanded on. As mentioned these issues will be broken down in order to identify how these issues can arise, how they can be dealt with and how they can be prevented in the future. Previous legal cases, Legal literature regarding construction and general legal resources will be used to further the reasoning behind such issues and how they may arise. Conservation Protected structures Duty of Care Scope of Works Trespass Boundary Dispute 4.0 Conservation Protected structures The first area to be explored is conservation and protected structures. As the main college building is a protected structure this without doubt will be an issue associated with a project. When a project is undertaken which involves conservation or that of a protected structure it is essential to have an architect who has some experience in conservation or dealing with protected structures. As stated in the Irish Planning and Development act 2000 â€Å"Each owner and each occupier shall, to the extent consistent with the rights and obligations arising out of their respective interests in a protected structure or a proposed protected structure, ensure that the structure, or any element of it which contributes to its special architectural, historical, archaeological, artistic, cultural, scientific, social or technical interest, is not endangered†[1]. In keeping with the statement above it is important for a conservation survey to be carried out on the structure prior to commence ment in order to ensure no part of the building is endangered. If with the project in question there is need to either for an addition or deletion an addition as stated by the Irish Planning and Development act 2000 â€Å"in the case of an addition, the addition is necessary or desirable in order to protect a structure, or part of a structure, of special architectural, historical, archaeological, artistic, cultural, scientific, social or technical interest, whether or not a recommendation has been made under section 53[2]† On the other hand in terms of a deletion the 2000 act states â€Å"in the case of a deletion, the protection of the structure or part is no longer warranted† In order to avoid any disputes or breach of regulations it is essential to carry out work on a protected structure with a high degree of care. It is in everyone’s best interests to ensure that a protected structure is well maintained and preserved accordingly which in turn can eliminate any potential problems which may be encountered during the durati on of construction stage. 5.0 Duty of Care Duty of care can be defined as person or person’s responsibility to act with the same level of care, attention and cautiousness as a person in a similar situation when carrying out an act, ensuring that there is no possibly of danger or endangerment. For example a designer should strive to achieve the same level of competency as a designer within the same discipline when carrying out works ensuring that he has carried out the associated works with a reasonable amount of care. For example if an Architect fails to comply with building regulations this can be seen as a breach of his/her duty of care given that they have failed to ensure the safety of the building occupants once works have been completed failure to comply with such regulations may also lead to potential damage to the building.[3] When it comes to any kind of building project there will always be a duty of care whether it be to the structure itself, to the client and the persons working on the site. Both the contra ctor and Architect hold a duty of care in terms of the proposed development being fit for purpose and also that the construction has been carried out in a competent manor including the drawings which were prepared for the project. To give an example in terms of duty of care being breached by one party if the contractor feels as though the Architect is incompetent and that his/her drawings are not too a standard in which can be used to successfully and safely carry out the associated works the contractor may feel that the Architect is in breach of their duty of care and vice versa if the contractor/builder is not constructing the building in a safe and sufficient manner then the architect may feel the builder is in breach of his/her duty of care. In terms of an example of duty of care outside of construction the case of case of Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] AC 562 is a fitting example as it came down to that it was the manufacturers duty of care to ensure the product was fit for human consumption and when it subsequently was found to not be fit for human consumption it was proven that it was a breach of duty of care on the manufactures side. [4] To ensure there are no disputes regarding duty of care it is crucial that all parties involved from the design team to the construction team are competent enough with their responsibilities to sufficiently successfully and safely complete the project without breaching their duty of care and also that they understand they have a duty of care and that this must be adhered too. 6.0 Scope of Works As per the RIAI Standard form of contract 2012 review by Tony Cunningham[5] scope of works can be defined as â€Å"The contractor must complete the works in accordance with the Contract Documents to the satisfaction of the Architect. The contractor must also comply with Architects Instructions†[6]. Prior to works commencing on the Respond housing development at St Johns College all works to be completed would have been outlined within the contract such as the contractor’s roles and responsibilities on site as well as off site. Cunningham also goes onto mention within the review that if the contractor fails to deliver the specified works outlined then he/she may be held liable with the cost of such implications either being added to or reduced from the contract sum. The Architect also holds the power to appoint a new contractor to site in order to complete the unfinished works left by the previous contractor whilst also charging incomplete work to the original contractor . Given the scale of the project at St Johns College this could potentially be a problem during the duration of the works. In the case of Hymany [Pontoon] Ltd -v- Galkil Ltd t/a Impact Developments [2011] IEHC 188[7] although the contractor had failed to complete some of the work which was outlined within the contract the judge deemed that the contractor could not be held responsible given the fact the scope of works outlined in the contract was broad and with very little specificity. Hymany [Pontoon] Ltd -v- Galkil Ltd t/a Impact Developments shows how in order for the contractor to fulfill the scope of works correctly it is essential that the scope of works is carefully outlined in depth in order to eliminate confusion which in turn could cause a dispute between the architect and contractors or vice versa. 7.0 Boundary Disputes When it comes to diputes involving boundarys there can be a number of factors or variables involved. In most cases involving boundary disputes it comes down to incorrect mapping which defines the boundarys of a site in position which in reality it may not be the correct position[8]. In order to attempt to define where a boundary lies the deployment of a professional surveyor to give his/her opinion on where the boundary lies may be crucial at the early stage in terms of elimating future disputes regarding the asscoiated boundary. In terms of St Johns College respond development from the pictures below the site of the develoment is outlined in blue with a smaller site also outlined in Fig6. There could potenially be a dispute if it is taken that the new development enchroaches onto the smaller site as this could also fall under prtivate nuisance. If there is no visible boundary between the two sites at St Johns College this may also cause a potenial dispute. In order to reslove a boun dary dispute it will take a combination of both surveyors and lawyers. The lawyers will provided the releavnt information regarding the deeds and documentation which the surveyor will use in their investiagtion into providing the legal position of the boundary. The majority of boundary disputes can also be resolved using mediation as it can keep a civil relationship between both parties while preventing costly legal fees.[9] [10] St Johns Boundary – Fig 6 Proposed Site Boundary – Fig 7 Secondary Site – Fig 8 8.0 Reflective Learning Overall given the scale of the St Johns College project it is highly likely that one or more of these issues will arise on site during the duration of the project. Although the issues mentioned can be resolved it can also be a lot more difficult to anticipate them. In saying this there are, as mentioned, ways in which they can be dealt with early on to try and avoid any disputes and intern make for a easier more succesful project but this does not always happen on bigger projects.The majority of the issues which are encountered on and off site on projects can be eliminated through good detailed planning and also ensuring all parties undertand the terms outlined in the various contracts asscoiated with the works. The legal issues exlpored within the document have provided a wider scope personally which is very benifical in terms of the future and future employment as I now have a greater understanding of what each one entails. I feel as though the project as whole was worthwhile and r ewarding.I feel as though my ability to compile a document of this nature has improved as has my general knowledge of contracts law and construction law. Bibliography Textbooks – Canny, J (2001).Construction and Building Law. Dublin: Round Hall Ltd. p23-27..57- 62 Speight, A Stone, G. (1996). The English Law of Tort. In: Speight, A Stone, G Architects Legal Handbook. 6th ed. Great Britain: Reed Educational Professional Publishing Ltd 1996. Scriven, J, Pritchard, N, Delmon, J (1999).A Contractual Guide to Major Construction Projects. London: Sweet Maxwell. Part 2 p8-21 Part 3 p17-32. Websites Base Surveys Ltd. (2010).Causes of Boundary Disputes.Available: http://www.baselinesurveys.ie/Causes of Boundary Disputes.html. Last accessed 18th March 2015 Cunningham, T. (2013).The RIAI Standard Form of Contract 2012 Edition: a Review.Available: http://arrow.dit.ie/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1005context=beschreoth. Last accessed 18th March 2015. Irish Planning Development Act 200. (2000).Planning Development Act 2000.Available: http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/2000/en/act/pub/0030/sec0058.html#sec58 Last Accessed 18th March 2015 Irish Planning Development Act 200. (2000).Planning Development Act 2000.Available: http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/2000/en/act/pub/0030/sec0054.html#sec54. Last accessed 18th March 2015 OReilly, N, Shine, P. (2013).Beyond the bounds: resolving boundary disputes.Available: http://www.surveyorsjournal.ie/index.php/beyond-bounds-resolving-boundary-disputes/. Last accessed 18th March 2015 Journals – Smith, H. (2011). Construction dispute avoidance newsletter. Available: http://www.herbertsmithfreehills.com/-/media/HS/T21121146.pdf. Last accessed 5th March 2014 1 [1] http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/2000/en/act/pub/0030/sec0058.html#sec58 [2] http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/2000/en/act/pub/0030/sec0054.html#sec54 [3] Construction dispute avoidance newsletter http://www.herbertsmithfreehills.com/-/media/HS/T21121146.pdf [4] Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] AC 562 [5] Tony Cunningham Dublin Institute of Technology [6] http://arrow.dit.ie/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1005context=beschreoth [7] Hymany [Pontoon] Ltd -v- Galkil Ltd t/a Impact Developments IEHC 188 [8] http://www.baselinesurveys.ie/Causes of Boundary Disputes.html [9] http://www.surveyorsjournal.ie/index.php/beyond-bounds-resolving-boundary-disputes/ [10] http://waterfordcouncil.maps.arcgis.com/apps/Solutions/s2.html?appid=c6d45bb300e6463db7e9c6bd1df43441

Explain, with specific examples from the novel, How the writer’s :: Free Essay Writer

Explain, with specific examples from the novel, How the writer’s descriptions of location and setting reflect the changes inJane Eyre’s character. In this essay I will explain how Charlotte Bronte manages to change the mood and feelings in Jane Eyre’s character by the description of the location and setting. Throughout Jane Eyre, as Jane herself moves from one physical location to another, the settings in which she finds herself vary considerably. Bronte makes the most of this by carefully arranging those settings, to match the differing circumstances Jane finds herself in at each. In this novel, Charlotte Bronte uses violence throughout the book to keep the reader interested and also at the same time it creates a good springboard for emotional and dramatical scenes. This is a great way for Bronte, to express the different changes in Jane Eyre’s mood and feelings. The first occurrence of this is when Jane physically quarrels with her cousin John. This leads to Jane being locked up in the Red Room in which her uncle died. This represents violence because of the physical fighting and that the room is also red, which some people think represents violence. Also, in the book Charlotte Bronte uses the technique of pathetic fallacy to represent Jane’s moods e.g. ‘the cold winter wind had brought with it’s clouds so sombre, a rain so penetrating, that further outdoor exercise was now out of the question’ (chapter 1, Page 9). This is a description of the weather at Gateshead, showing that Jane’s inner mood is blank and miserable. She feels unsure about her future, by not having a bare insight into her life. As a young girl, Jane Eyre feels trapped at Gateshead, as if it is her whole world. In the first chapter, Charlotte Bronte makes a very good attempt at describing Jane’s fear of John Reed, ‘He bullied and punished me; not two or three times in the week, but continually: every nerve I had feared him, and every morsel of flesh on my bones shrank when he came near’ (Chapter 1, Page 12). This is a description of Jane’s fear that she has of John. This shows that Jane could not be very happy and would be frightened most of the time because of the bullying and punishing John gave to her continually. Also in the first chapter, Jane is excluded to the breakfast room and she went behind a closed curtain reading quietly which was very enjoying for her, ‘I was then happy: happy at least in my way’. This shows Jane’s happiness when she is reading a book, In my own opinion I think Jane gets happy because

Outcomes in human resource agency

Costing is highly important in business activity. Labor costing is an essential element in calculating the total cost incurred during performance of an activity. Generally, cost per output and outcome are important components in costing. Cost per output implies the total compensation in the factors of production for a particular amount of output. For a human service agency, cost per output would be the total labor cost per specific quantity output. This is an important phenomenon which is used to analyze the ratio between the productivity of labor in relation to the quantity of output.If the change were disproportionate to the percentage change in output, then the labor productivity would be lower. It would imply that the cost for production of increasing amount of output would be higher than the threshold with which the output increases. Such changes in units of inputs/labor would reflect the effect of the net changes in the worker’s compensation which relates to his producti vity. (Sparrow, Brewster, Harris, 2004) Unit costs will substantially cause upward shifts to the firm’s marginal cost and average cost curves. Increasing labor cost per output will then reduce the profits of the organization.Cost per outcome is the average change in the cost of programs over the number of the programs. It is obtained by dividing the total cost of the outcomes by their number. It is important in analyzing the change in the cost for the different outcomes. Outcomes in human resource agency could be the total number of activities and bunches of output produced/performed by the workers as a whole. For every outcome is a labor cost variable attached d to it. However, cost per outcome may be increasingly adverse for different outcomes when compared to the productivity of labor.Cost per outcome is important in studying the relationship between the labor costs involved in the outcome and the relative revenue implied by the outcome. It measures the efficiency with whi ch the total outcome benefit responds to the total labor. It measures the state of cost-benefit efficiency between labor use and the benefits for various activities within an organization. (Sparrow, Brewster, Harris, 2004) Reference. Sparrow, P, Brewster, C & Harris, H. , (2004) Globalizing Human Resource Management. London: Routledge.

Defense Imperatives Thwarting Terrorism Bringing Terrorists to Justice

Defense Imperatives Thwarting Terrorism Bringing Terrorists to Justice Although the United States is currently faced with a multiplicity of challenges to its security as well as in ensuring the prevalence of global peace and stability, that of terrorism cannot possibly escape unnoticed due to the solemn obligations demonstrated by the U.S. Administration towards protecting the security of the American people.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Defense Imperatives: â€Å"Thwarting Terrorism Bringing Terrorists to Justice† specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Today, terrorism is stated as one of the main challenges to security and stability, not only in the U.S. but also globally (McLoughlin, Noone Noone, 2009). The events of 9/11 abruptly shattered the expectations of invulnerability previously held by the U.S. and boldly underlined the fact that terrorism is deeply entrenched in the society, thus the need to come up with various multidimensional measures to curtail terrorist attacks i n the future. The Defense Science Board has developed some defense imperatives that are critical in solving the multiple security challenges facing the country. This paper wishes to discuss and analyze the imperative on thwarting terrorism and bringing terrorists to justice. In particular, the analysis will focus on assessing the integrity or efficacy of the imperative in addition to suggesting various recommendations that may fast track the fight on global terrorism and bring excellent outcomes. The imperative on the prevention of terrorism exposes some of the challenges that America continues to face in its counterterrorism strategies. In particular, this imperative decries the lack of critical information needed to develop intelligence regarding terrorists such as their identity and location, ideologies and rationale, financial sources, and their weapons and destructive capabilities (DSB, 2008). McLoughlin et al. (2009) are of the opinion that terrorists have mutated into global networks of stateless dissidents advantaged by the ongoing globalization trends and the convergence of technology in the 21st century. Importantly, it is the same technologies that the U.S. must rely on to connect the dots that so far are missing if counterterrorism efforts are to bring the desired outcomes. In its presentation, the Defense Science Board underlines the importance of acquiring usable information against terrorists not only to enhance collaboration among allies interesting in the fight on global terrorism but also to effectively rearrange organizations tasked with the responsibility of fighting terrorism in a more effective way. In the Boards view, having comprehensive information on equipment, materials, financial sources, communication networks, training facilities, potential targets and motivational paradigms of the terrorists may boost counterterrorism efforts (DSB, 2008). This view is bolstered by the recent killing of Osama bin Laden, who is said to have been co rnered after American intelligence systems were able to track his communication networks through a trusted courier.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is correct to assume that terrorists will have a limited capacity to pursue a strategic terrorist attack similar to 9/11 if their cover is blown on all the above variables, but McLoughlin et al. (2009) warns that terrorists are able to adapt to various situations depending on the strategies taken by the pursuers. In this context, the task should really be on how to disenable the terrorists by employing communication technologies that seek to intercept communications linked to suspected terrorists without necessarily seeking warrants. Indeed, the Board stresses that information collection on terrorists â€Å"needs to be close-in, intrusive, and covert, and must achieve deeper penetration† (DSB, 2008, p. 37). An important observation made by the Board is that domestic terrorism intelligence must be at par with foreign intelligence since terrorists are more decentralized than previously thought, not mentioning that these dissidents’ may indeed be homegrown, may use internal mechanisms to raise funds, or may use internally sourced materials to manufacture bombs, therefore effectively circumventing foreign intelligence efforts (DSB, 2008). The Board goes on to say that â€Å"while the ideology may be global, the recruitment, planning, and execution may be local† (p. 38). This is a valid observation reinforced by McLoughlin et al. (2009), who argues that the stateless factor, ideological orientation and fast conventional ways of operation may indeed make it possible for terrorists to operate within the U.S. boundaries. The challenges mentioned as a direct consequence of the lapse or ineffectiveness of the U.S. domestic intelligence efforts are worrisome, particularly on how local suspected terrorists are perceived in law, availability of materials to make weapons of mass destruction (WMDs), availability of expertise and information on WMD, and availability of disaffected potential recruits. In light of these observations, it is highly recommended for the Obama Administration to pass new legislation necessitating the arrest and potential detention of local individuals suspected of engaging in terrorist activities. As a matter of priority, the government must also provide adequate restrictions on locally available materials that could be used by terrorists to perpetuate their criminal acts. For instance, a comprehensive database on individuals and industries using such materials must be developed and monitored frequently by security agencies to ensure that terrorists are kept out of such deadly materials. Another recommendation would be for the U.S. justice system to reengineer and redirect its basic correctional frameworks to ensure that convicts in jails do not turn into radicalized elements that may be used or hired by the extremists for their selfish interests.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Defense Imperatives: â€Å"Thwarting Terrorism Bringing Terrorists to Justice† specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Comprehensive domestic intelligence efforts must be viewed as the precursor of a safe America, but efforts must also be made to harmonize domestic efforts with foreign intelligence-gathering efforts to achieve optimal effectiveness in the fight against global terrorism. Indeed, the Board is right in suggesting the bridging of â€Å"schisms between military intelligence and civilian, between national strategic and theater-tactical-operational intelligence† (DSB, 2008, p. 39). In the fight against terror, the Defense Science Board has emphasized: â€Å"the value of open-source materials and the relatively efficient, low-risk acquisition attendant on these materials† (DSB, 2008, p. 39-40). Open-source information, in my view, is useful in examining the motivations behind the terrorists, their ideologies, and their way of operations. However, the Board decries that current open sources of information are not only inadequate, but the administration is yet to make good use of them. Consequently, the U.S Administration need to work out on ways that could be used to extract useful information from open sources such as the blog posts traditionally used by terrorists to communicate or pass information. The role of the media should be underlined since it is well known that some terrorists are comfortable dealing with media houses perceived to be sympathetic to their cause such as the Aljazeera and other cable networks (McLoughlin et al., 2009). Such media houses should be encouraged to collaborate and pass on useful information, not mentioning that the obligation of the media should be strengthened to create more public awareness about terrorism. To conclude, it is essential to note that the recommendations made by the Board in respect to thwarting terrorism efforts are valid in their own right. The efficient flow of information between the military and the civilian population is particularly essential if global terrorism is to be defeated. Consequently, the U.S. needs to fundamentally alter some of its foreign policies that demonstrate the country as a bully in the international arena to more friendly and people-oriented policies that will encourage local and international civilians to share information. To secure the future, the current administration must realize that contemporary terrorists prefer networked organizations to hierarchical structures (McLoughlin et al., 2009), thus the need to target modern information-sharing protocols such as the internet to mine information about terrorist activities.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The noose on locally available materials and intelligence on weapons of mass destruction must be tightened, and local suspects of terrorism need to be exposed to the same principles applicable to foreign terrorists. The U.S., by virtue of its superpower status, must also begin an initiative that ensures that poverty, unemployment, and religious indoctrination are tackled globally. The knowledge that these three variables breed radicalism and intolerance is in the public domain (McLoughlin et al., 2009). Collaboration and financial rewards for information must also be encouraged to acquire useful information that could lead to thwarting terrorism and bringing terrorists to account. Lastly, counterterrorism efforts need to be refocused on curtailing the benefits that terrorists intend to gain by pursuing their criminal activities. Reference List Defense Science Board. (2008). Defense imperatives for the new administration. Retrieved from https://www.acq.osd.mil/. McLoughlin, J.P., Noo ne, G.P., Noone, D.C. (2009). Security detention, terrorism and the prevention imperative. Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law, 40(3), 463-505. Retrieved from MasterFILE Premier Database.